Más allá del nódulo: potencial agro-biotecnológico del microbioma endofítico en nódulos simbióticos de leguminosas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52807/qunab.v1i1.11Palabras clave:
bacterias endófitas de nódulos, bioprospección, co-inoculación, rizobiosResumen
La fijación biológica de nitrógeno mediante la simbiosis leguminosa-rizobio es uno de los procesos de mayor importancia en el planeta Tierra (o al menos en nuestro planeta). Desde su descubrimiento, la simbiosis fue pragmatizada de modo estricto a los rizobios; sin embargo, aislamientos procedentes de nódulos desinfectados superficialmente esterilizados y que fallaban al nodular la planta huésped, eran considerados contaminantes. Estos no rizobios se denominan Bacterias Endófitas No Nodulantes (BENN), que constituyen un grupo polifásico de bacterias del suelo capaces de compartir el nódulo con los rizobios. Existen reportes sobre la diversidad filogenética de las BENN, incluso la co-inoculación con rizobios efectivos mejoran los parámetros simbióticos, por la diversidad de características promotoras de crecimiento y de biocontrol que ejercen durante el proceso de infección y colonización del interior del nódulo simbiótico. El potencial biotecnológico de estos microorganismos es todavía un campo por explorar, el cual puede ir desde la biotecnología agropecuaria hasta la biomédica. Esta revisión se centra en actualizar los conceptos sobre las BENN, su papel en el nódulo simbiótico, la diversidad filogenética, así como las principales técnicas de estudio y su potencial en la industria biotecnológica peruana.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Renzo Alfredo Valdez-Nuñez, Winston Franz Ríos-Ruiz, Eulogio J. Bedmar
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© Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la QuantUNAB de la Universidad Nacional de Barranca. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es) que permite Compartir (copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato), Adaptar (remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material) para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente.
